What bald eagles are telling us about the Columbia

Oregon Field Guide producer Vince Patton revisits the status of bald eagles in the Pacific Northwest in this episode, which just aired tonight. Bald eagles are right up there with the Northern spotted owl as the most famous endangered species.

But, as you see in this video, the eagles have a much happier story to tell these days. Their numbers in Oregon are up from 20 nesting pairs in the 1950s and 60s to 700-800 pairs today.

The big problem for eagles, and many other birds, was the pesticide DDT was weakening their egg shells and killing baby birds before they hatch. DDT was banned in the U.S. in 1972, and eagle populations have rebounded to the point where they were removed from the Endangered Species List in 2007.

But bald eagle eggs are still revealing new information to scientists today – particularly about the Columbia River. As I reported for OPB radio this morning, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service researchers collected new eagle egg samples from various places in the river basin last year.

According to Jeremy Buck, a contaminant specialist for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the eggs offered at least four key insights about toxins in the Columbia River:

DDT is still haunting fish and wildlife in the Columbia in the form of its byproduct DDE. Dioxin, another toxin that damages eagle eggs, has dropped dramatically – probably because of restrictions on how much of it pulp and paper mills can discharge into the river. One section of the lower Columbia River estuary have higher toxin levels than the rest of the river. Eagles in that section of the river – between Astoria and Cathlamet – have a lower reproduction rate than those in the rest of the river, which raises questions about how they might impact young salmon in that area.

Buck said the 2010 samples were the third set of eggs researchers have examined since the 1980s.

“It’s the first time we’ve seen some more clear trends in the data,” Buck said. “This is pointing more toward that data that in the Astoria/Tongue Point area as being a primary dumping ground.

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